Methods and apparatuses for handling single-user applications in multi-user computing environments

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatuses are provided for controlling application software while switching between session in a multi-session computing environment. An apparatus includes memory coupled to switching logic and application program managing logic. The switching logic is configured to selectively switch console control of a computing device between at least two user kernel sessions that are maintained in the memory. The application program managing logic is configured to selectively control at least one application program that is operatively configured within at least one of the user kernel sessions. For example, the application program managing logic can be configured to stop the operation, restart certain application programs, notify application programs about switching events, and/or adjust the playback of audio and/or video signals associated certain application programs.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of and claims priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/999,894 entitled “Methods and Apparatuses ForHandling Single-User Applications In Multi-User Computing Environments”filed Oct. 31, 2001, to Evans et al., the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/999,894 is a continuation-in-part(CIP) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/573,628, which was filedMay 17, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,807,666, and titled “Methods AndArrangements For Providing Multiple Concurrent Desktops And WorkspacesIn A Shared Computing Environment”. U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/573,628, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,807,666, further claims priority fromU.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/170,956, filed Dec. 15, 1999,entitled “Multiple Desktops To Provide Separate Concurrent Work SpacesFor Multiple Users Using The Same Computer”, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to computers and software, and more particularlyto methods and apparatuses for use in switching user kernel sessions andhandling application level software in such a multi-user computingenvironment.

BACKGROUND

There are many situations where several people would like to share asingle computer. For example, a home may have a single personal computer(PC) that is shared by the family members. If these users desire aunique configuration, privacy, and/or security for their applicationsand data files, such a shared computing environment may not adequatelyaccommodate them.

For example, with most operating systems, the users share a singleworkspace. Unfortunately, doing so does not allow personalization oftheir workspace or security of data between users. In certain operatingsystems, users may separate their data into multiple “profiles” or“accounts”. One of the drawbacks to this scheme is that if one user isusing the computer and a another user would like to access their ownfiles, the first user would have to close all open applications in orderfor the other user to log on to the system and access their data. Thus,the first user's application state is lost. In addition to losing theapplication state, the user is inconvenienced because of the timeinvolved with closing down the prior user's state and re-establishingthe new user's state.

Certain solutions, such as, for example, the “Identity Manager”available in Microsoft Outlook Express version 5.0, allow certain userdata to be shared among separate users without losing all of theapplication's states during a user switch. However, the Identity Managermanages only a small subset of the user's data. Text documents, forexample, are not stored separately for each user. Furthermore, there islittle workspace personalization available and the user data is notsecured for other user access.

Consequently, there is a need for an improved methods and apparatusesfor use in multiple user computing environments. Preferably, the methodsand arrangements will allow for a plurality of desktops, workspacesand/or user kernel sessions within a shared computing environment.

Furthermore, there is a need to provide methods and apparatuses forhandling application software, and in particular single-user applicationsoftware, when a plurality of desktops, workspaces and/or user kernelsessions are provided within a shared computing environment.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for handlingapplication software, and in particular single-user applicationsoftware, when a plurality of desktops, workspaces and/or user kernelsessions are provided within a shared computing environment.

The above stated needs and other are met, for example, by an apparatusthat includes memory coupled to switching logic and application programmanaging logic. The switching logic is configured to selectively switchconsole control of a computing device between at least two user kernelsessions that are maintained in the memory. The application programmanaging logic is configured to selectively control at least oneapplication program that is operatively configured within at least oneof the user kernel sessions. By way of example, the application programmanaging logic can be configured to stop the operation of one or moreapplication programs. In certain instances, when the application programmanaging logic stops the operation of an application program, it alsorecords or otherwise stores information associated with the applicationprogram such that the stopped application may be re-started at a latertime. In still other implementations, the application program managinglogic is configured to notify one or more application programs when asession switching or like event occurs or is about to occur. Thus, theapplication program may respond accordingly to the notification/event. Asession switching event, for example, may be associated with a logonprocess, creating a new user kernel session, disconnecting an existinguser kernel session, re-connecting an existing user kernel session, orthe like.

In accordance with certain additional implementations, the apparatus mayalso include an audio mixer capability that is operatively coupled tothe application program managing logic and at least one applicationprogram. Here, the application program managing logic can be configuredto cause the audio mixer to selectively adjust an audio signalassociated with the application program. In certain instances, the audiosignal may include information identifying a user kernel sessioncorresponding to the application program.

In still other implementations, the apparatus includes having theswitching logic dynamically or otherwise maintain identifying dataassociated with each user kernel session. The application programmanaging logic is then configured to access the identifying data asneeded to make controlling decisions. Similarly, in certainimplementations, the application controlling logic also dynamicallymaintains identifying data associated with running and/or re-startableapplication programs. The application program managing logic may also beconfigured to access identifying data associated application programsthat have been predetermined to be selectively controlled by theapplication program managing logic. In certain further implementations,the application program managing logic may be configured to prompt theuser for input (e.g., approval, etc.) with regard to the handling of anapplication program.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the various methods and apparatuses ofthe present invention may be had by reference to the following detaileddescription when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawingswherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary computer system.

FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary logon screen display suitable for use in thecomputer system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart depicting an exemplary process for identifyingusers, and creating and maintaining a plurality of separate andconcurrent desktops or remote processes.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart depicting an exemplary process for switchingbetween desktops or remote processes.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary user kernel sessionswitching arrangement having bad application manager (BAM) logicconfigured to handle certain applications.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary flow diagram for a process that can beimplemented in bad application manager (BAM) logic configured to handleBAM1 category applications.

FIG. 7 is an exemplary flow diagram for a process that can beimplemented in bad application manager (BAM) logic configured to handleBAM2 category applications.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary flow diagram for a process that can beimplemented in bad application manager (BAM) logic configured to handleBAM3 category applications.

FIG. 9 is an exemplary flow diagram for a process that can beimplemented in bad application manager (BAM) logic configured to handleBAM4 category applications.

FIG. 10A is an exemplary flow diagram for a process that can beimplemented in bad application manager (BAM) logic configured to adjustthe volume of audio content associated with different user kernelsessions.

FIG. 10B is a block diagram illustrating a kernel audio mixer capabilityand associated audio data streams associated, for example, with theprocess in FIG. 10A.

FIG. 11 is an exemplary flow diagram for a process that can beimplemented in a bad application manager (BAM) logic, wherein the BAMlogic is configured to notify the application software about certainuser kernel session events.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram associated with an additional exemplaryuser/session switching capability, in accordance with certain furtherimplementations of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an exemplary graphical user interface (GUI) having selectablegraphical user representations associated with the additional exemplaryuser/session switching capability of FIG. 12, in accordance with certainimplementations of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As shown in FIG. 1, computer 20 includes one or more processors orprocessing units 21, a system memory 22, and a bus 23 that couplesvarious system components including the system memory 22 to processors21. Bus 23 represents one or more of any of several types of busstructures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheralbus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus usingany of a variety of bus architectures.

The system memory includes read only memory (ROM) 24 and random accessmemory (RAM) 25. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 26, containing thebasic routines that help to transfer information between elements withincomputer 20, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 24.

Computer 20 further includes a hard disk drive 27 for reading from andwriting to a hard disk, not shown, a magnetic disk drive 28 for readingfrom and writing to a removable magnetic disk 29, and an optical diskdrive 30 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 31 suchas a CD ROM, DVD ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive 27,magnetic disk drive 28 and optical disk drive 30 are each connected tobus 23 by applicable interfaces 32, 33 and 34, respectively.

The drives and their associated computer-readable media providenonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures,program modules and other data for computer 20. Although the exemplaryenvironment described herein employs a hard disk, a removable magneticdisk 29 and a removable optical disk 31, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that other types of computer readable mediawhich can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magneticcassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random accessmemories (RAMs) read only memories (ROM), and the like, may also be usedin the exemplary operating environment.

A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk, magneticdisk 29, optical disk 31, ROM 24, or RAM 25, including an operatingsystem 35, one or more application programs 36, other program modules37, and program data 38. A user may enter commands and information intocomputer 20 through input devices such as keyboard 40 and pointingdevice 42. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone,joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These andother input devices are connected to the processing unit 21 through aninterface 46 that is coupled to bus 23.

A monitor 47 or other type of display device is also connected to bus 23via an interface, such as a video adapter 48. In addition to themonitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral outputdevices (not shown) such as speakers and printers.

Computer 20 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer50. Remote computer 50 may be another personal computer, a server, arouter, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, andtypically includes many or all of the elements described above relativeto computer 20. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 2 include alocal area network (LAN) 51 and a wide area network (WAN) 52. Suchnetworking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-widecomputer networks, intranets, and the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, computer 20 is connected tothe local network 51 through a network interface or adapter 156. Whenused in a WAN networking environment, computer 20 typically includes amodem 54 or other means for establishing communications over the widearea network 52, such as the Internet. Modem 54, which may be internalor external, is connected to bus 23 via interface 46. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer20, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storagedevice. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown areexemplary and other means of establishing a communications link betweenthe computers may be used.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which depicts an exemplary graphicaluser interface (GUI) display suitable for use in identifying users tothe operating system of computer 20. Here, a logon screen 100 is shownas having a first title area 102 that identifies logon screen 100. Logonscreen 100 may take up be a full screen of display 47 or a portionthereof As shown, first title area 102 can include any graphical feature(e.g., bitmap, photo, video, text, etc).

Logon screen 100 also includes a multiple user logon area 104 whereinthe user is presented with selectable user identifiers and relatedinformation and permitted to input certain data. In this example, logonarea 104 is configured for five different users, namely, Billy,Christopher, Pat, Suzie, and William; each being identified by a textidentifier 110 and/or graphical identifier 112. Thus, William may beginlogging on to the operating system by selecting either text identifier110 and/or graphical identifier 112. If William has an establishedpassword, then a password input field 114 is displayed and configured toreceive his password. Once William's password has been authenticatedthen William is logged on. If William does not have an establishedpassword, then he would be logged on after selecting text identifier 110or graphical identifier 112. Logon screen 100 can also be configured todisplay other user related information 116 to a user. In this example,user related information 116 identifies that Suzie has ten (10) newmessages.

A second title area 106 is shown in this example along the left handborder of logon screen 100. Here, second title area 106 identifies thecomputer as the “Den Computer”. A selectable shut down mechanism 108 isalso provided to allow a user to shut down the computer.

Logon screen 100 is, by way of example, the starting point for thisdescription of the various methods and arrangements that allow for aplurality of separate and concurrent desktops and workspaces within theshared computing environment of computer 20. As described in more detailbelow and depicted in the flowcharts of FIGS. 3-4, a desktop switchingscheme is implemented for use with Microsoft Windows™ NT or Windows™2000. Those skilled in the art, however, will recognize that the desktopswitching scheme is applicable to other operating systems, computers,etc. For example, the scheme is extended herein to further includeWinStation switching, each of which may include desktop switching aswell.

The exemplary implementations presented herein utilize the Desktopapplication programming interfaces (APIs) available in Windows NT tocreate separate workspaces for each user who interactively logs onthrough logon screen 100. Using Windows NT profiles, the user's data isseparated from other user's data and depending on the user's or thecomputer manager's preferences, access to other user's data can besecured. By using a separate desktop for each user, multiple users canbe logged on to the computer simultaneously. Switching users is veryfast, since it is just a desktop switch. No application state is lostduring the switch because the applications run within the context of adesktop and are completely separated from one another.

To protect the user's logon session from other users if the users shouldhappen to walk away form the computer without securing theirworkstation, the operating system will automatically switch back to thelogon desktop after a user configurable timeout period. The logondesktop is secured from the user desktops and can only switch back to auser desktop if the user is identified by an authentication entitywithin the operating system.

With this in mind, attention is drawn to the flowchart in FIG. 3. Here,process 200 begins with the computer displaying logon screen 100. Instep 202, the user provides the necessary inputs to logon as part of theuser authentication scheme. For example, the user selects textidentifier 110 or graphical identifier 112 and subsequently enters apassword in password input field 114. The authentication process occursin the operating system, as depicted by decision step 204. If theauthentication was not a success, then in accord with step 204 (NO),process 200 returns to logon screen 100. If the authentication was asuccess, then in accord with step 204 (YES), process 200 continues todecision step 206.

In decision step 206, it is determined if the authenticated user fromstep 204 is already logged in. This is accomplished by checking opendesktops list (ODL) 208. If the authenticated user has not alreadylogged in per step 206 (NO), then in accordance with step 210 a newdesktop thread is created for this user. In step 214, the thread anddesktop information are then added to the list of users currently loggedon within ODL 208. The user's thread also sets up the user environmentin step 216, and starts the user shell on their newly created desktop instep 218. In step 220 the logon program switches to the user's newdesktop 222. At this point, the logon process is complete.

Returning to decision step 206, if a desktop is already open for theuser as demonstrated by an associated entry in ODL 208, then step 206(YES) advances process 200 to step 224. In step 224, a switch is made tothe existing desktop thread, followed by a switch to the applicabledesktop 222, in step 220. In FIG. 3 there are N>1 desktops asrepresented by desktops 222 a-c.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4, wherein a flowchart depicts a process240 for logging off of a desktop 222. In this example, there are threeways for the user to become “logged off”. The first takes place in step242, wherein the user intentionally and fully logs off. When such alogoff event is generated in step 242, then in step 244 the desktop iscleaned up, ODL 208 is updated and the thread is terminated. After step244, process 240 returns to logon screen 100.

The second way for a user to become “logged off” is provided in step246, wherein the user switches desktops manually. At any point prior tologging off, the user can initiate an action (e.g., by user input),which will return them to logon screen 100 without signaling the user'sthread that a logoff has occurred. When this happens, the user's desktopremains running and all applications that have been started on thatdesktop continue to run. However, the user is unable to see any of theseapplications because their desktop is essentially hidden. At this point,the desktop is said to be “switched out”, but it is still active. Theuser will need to log on again in accord with process 200 to have theactive desktop “switched in”.

The third way that a user can become “logged off” is shown in step 248,wherein after a user configurable period of inactivity (e.g., no mouseactivity or keyboard input) the operating system will assume that theuser has stopped working on the computer for the time being and it willautomatically switch back to logon screen 100. This helps to improvesecurity by securing the user's desktop when they no longer appear to beusing the computer. It also makes it easier for other users to utilizethe computer and not worry about ending another user's session.

It is also possible to provide a plurality of separate and concurrentenvironments within the shared computing environment by switching remoteprocesses, such as, for example, WinStations, instead of desktops.Logically, WinStations contain multiple desktops. Creating a WinStationfor each user and switching the active WinStation when a user logs on orswitches back to logon screen 100 could implement the same mechanism asdescribed above.

Attention is now drawn to FIG. 5, which is a block diagram depicting anexemplary arrangement 300 for use in a computer that is configurable tosupport a plurality of user kernel sessions (e.g., WinStations) whereinthe sessions are switched back and forth at various times depending uponthe user. Here, for example, individual sessions are either currentlyoperatively associated with the console (e.g., controls, display, etc.)of the computer (i.e., currently connected), or not currentlyoperatively associated with the console of the computer (i.e., currentlydisconnected).

Arrangement 300 includes bad application manager (BAM) logic that isconfigured to stop, start, notify, and/or otherwise control certainapplications or features thereof at various session times/eventsassociated with switching between sessions or disconnecting a currentsession.

In exemplary arrangement 300, by way of example, certain applicationswill be defined as falling into one of four categories referred to asBAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM4. Logic associated with each of thesecategories of applications is represented by BAM1 logic 316, BAM2 logic318, and BAM3/4 logic 320.

With this in mind, the description will now focus on the start of afirst session (session 0) and then the start of a second session(session 1), and then the switching of sessions.

To begin with, the computer and its operating system, etc., arebooted-up per block 302. Next, in block 304 a, session 0 is created bystarting a user kernel session. In this example and those that follow,it is assumed that various users will be required to logon. This occursin the session login 306 a, which is configured to display aninteractive GUI or the like that prompts the user to login, for example,as described in the above multiple desktop arrangements. Next, there isan authentication 308 a to verify that the user inputs from sessionlogin 306 a. Following authentication, a desktop 301 a is provided tothe user. At this point the user is fully logged in and his/her userkernel session is currently connected such that the applicable computerresources are available for use.

Let us now assume, for example, that this user decides to open (start)an application from the desktop. By way of example, the user may start aFOO application that is a single-user application. Since there are noother sessions, there should not be any problems with running the FOOapplication at this time. At other times there may be a problem runningthe FOO application, for example, if the FOO application was alreadyrunning in another session, and for whatever reason it is not possibleto have two instances of the FOO application running simultaneously.This can occur, for example, when the first instance of the FOOapplication locks up a resource, such as, e.g., a file on the root ofthe hard drive, which is required by the second instance of the FOOapplication. Other examples of problems caused by such applicationsinclude locking files in a shared folder, and/or tying up hardwareresources, such as, e.g., serial ports, etc. When these and/or otherproblems occur, the second instance of the FOO application will mostlikely fail to load or operate properly. As referred to herein, theseand other types of applications are termed “bad applications”.

Consequently, in accordance with certain aspects of the presentinvention, bad application manager (BAM) functionality is added in theform of BAM logic that can be, for example, provided with the operatingsystem. In certain exemplary implementations of the present invention,applications are to be tested or otherwise evaluated within amulti-session environment to determine their behavior or misbehavior.Those applications that do not exhibit any problems can be deemed to be“good applications”. The remaining applications, which will therefore bedeemed to be “bad applications”, may then be categorized based, forexample, on the problems that occur during evaluation and/or an approachthat seems to support the desired multi-user/session environment.

By way of example, in certain exemplary implementations of the presentinvention, the so-called bad applications are placed into to at leastone of four categories: BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM4 applications. TheseBAM applications may be identified in a listing or other like datastructure that is associated with the BAM logic. For example, a list ofBAM applications 326 is depicted in FIG. 5.

BAM1 applications are those applications that are basicallynon-intrusive, but may not behave well when two or more copies are runin the same computing environment. Referring to FIG. 5, in the exampleabove, when the user selects the FOO application through desktop 310 athe FOO application is allowed to run, since there are no otherinstances of the FOO application running at this time in other sessions.Conversely, if there were another instance of the FOO applicationrunning then BAM1 logic 316 would determine if the FOO Application is aBAM1 application per list of BAM applications 326, and how to handle theuser request to launch the FOO application in the current session.

An example of a decision process 400 that may be implemented in BAM1logic 316 is shown in FIG. 6. Here, in step 402, the current user hasrequested to start an application that is already running in at leastone other session. To determine if, and/or keep track of theapplications that are running across a plurality of sessions, a list of“running” applications 324 is maintained. Also, as shown, a list ofsessions 322 is also maintained to keep track of the sessions that open(i.e., the current connected session and all disconnected sessions).

Next, in step 404, a decision is made as to whether the requestedapplication is a BAM1 application, for example, per list of BAMapplications 326. If the requested application is not a BAM1application, then process 400 continues with step 414, wherein therequested application is started in the current session. If therequested application is a BAM1 application, then process 400 continueswith step 406, wherein, for example, a prompt/message is displayed inthe GUI notifying the user that another user is already running therequested application.

In step 408, the user is given a choice of stopping (quitting) theapplication that is running in the other session. Here, the user may bewarned that stopping the application may cause the other user to looseimportant data. If the user decides to leave the application in theother session running, then process 400 moves to step 410, wherein therequest to start the application is canceled. If the user decides instep 408 to stop the application that is running in the other session,then process 400 moves to step 412, wherein the BAM1 application runningin the other session is stopped. Next, in step 414 the requested (BAM1)application is then started in the current session.

Returning now to FIG. 5, from desktop 310 a the user can later elect toend the current session via logoff session 312 a. This will stop allapplications, etc., associated with the user. As shown by the dashedline, session 0, which in this example so far is the only session open,returns to session login 306 a following logoff session 312 a.

Rather than logging off, the user or perhaps another user may elect toswitch to another session, per switch session 314 a. This session switchmay be user initiated or the result of a timeout period having expired.In either case, switch session 314 a leads to BAM2 logic 318.

BAM2 logic 318 is configured to handle BAM2 applications. BAM2applications are those applications that do not properly handle theswitching of desktops and/or sessions. For example, certain applicationsmay interfere with the display of the logon GUI associated with sessionlogon 306 a. One example is a DVD player application that generates avideo stream that interferes with the GUI display. Since BAM2applications are so incompatible with the multi-session environment,BAM2 logic 318 essentially preempts any of the problems by automaticallystopping the BAM2 application before the session logon 306 a processbegins again.

An example of a decision process 500 that may be implemented in BAM 2logic 318 is shown in FIG. 7. Here, in step 502, a session switch isinitiated, for example as described above. Next, in step 504, it isdetermined if a BAM2 application is running in the current session. Thisdetermination can be made, for example, based on the list of BAMapplications 326. If there are no BAM2 applications running in thecurrent session, then process 500 moves to step 508, wherein sessionlogon 306 a takes over. If, there is a BAM2 application running in thecurrent session, then in step 506, the BAM2 application(s) is stopped.Then, process 500 moves to step 508.

With reference once again to FIG. 5, at this point in the example,session 0 is still running, only it is at this point session 0 isdisconnected. Session logon 306 a would therefore present a login GUIthrough which the user that started session 0 could log back on tocontinue session 0 (i.e., make session 0 connected once again).

Let us assume instead, that another user decides to logon throughsession logon 306 a. After verifying the new user's logon information,authentication 308 a leads to BAM 3 and BAM 4 (BAM3/4) logic 320, inthis example, prior to creating a new session for this new user. BAM3/4logic 320 is configured to handle applications that are running in othersessions that may in some way interfere with the new session about to becreated or re-connected, and/or interfere with the new user in somemanner.

BAM3 applications are those applications that may not release sharedresources. For example, service-like applications that run in thebackground yet tie up resources for a particular user/session may beconsidered BAM3 applications. One example of a BAM3 application is anapplication that supports the connectivity of a personal digitalassistant (PDA) through a serial communication port. Such PDAapplications usually synchronize files, etc., between the PDA and thecomputer. Unfortunately, such applications may lockup the serial portand therefore inhibit other users/sessions from using the communicationport.

An example of a decision process 520 that may be implemented in BAM3/4logic 320, to handle BAM3 applications, is shown in FIG. 8. Here, instep 522, a session switch is initiated. Next, in step 524, adetermination is made as to whether any BAM3 applications are running inother sessions, for example, in session 0. This determination can bemade, for example, based on the list of BAM applications 326. If thereis a BAM3 application running, then in step 526 the BAM3 application(s)is stopped and information is maintained, for example, in the list ofapplications 324, as to the BAM3 application that was stopped and thesession that it was running in. This recorded information can later beused to restart the BAM3 application upon re-connecting the previoussession. Process 520 then moves to step 528. Also, as shown, if adetermination is made in step 524 that there is no BAM3 applicationrunning, then process 520 moves ahead to step 528.

In step 528, a decision is made as to whether there was a BAM3application, associated with the session that is about to bere-connected, that was previously stopped per step 526. If there was aBAM3 application that was previously stopped, then in step 530 the BAM3application is restarted in the session to be joined. After that, instep 532, the session switch would continue.

Obviously, in the example described above, wherein the user and sessionare new, the decision in step 528 will be NO. As such, process 520 wouldmove ahead to step 532 and the session switch would continue.

BAM4 applications are those applications that are resource intensive,play a lot of audio or perhaps in some other way may hinder the user ofthe session being created or re-connected. One example of a BAM4application is a media player application that continues to play audioeven when the user/session that launched the player is not connected.Hence, if this BAM4 application is not stopped, then the new user in theexample above would have to listen to the audio playing from a previous(now disconnected) session.

An example of a decision process 540 that may be implemented in BAM3/4logic 320, to handle BAM4 applications, is shown in FIG. 9. Here, instep 542, a session switch is initiated, causing a decision to be madein step 544 as to whether a BAM4 application is running in a session.This decision may be made, for example, based on the list of BAMapplications 326. If no BAM4 applications are running then in step 548the session switch continues. If there is a BAM4 application running,then in step 456, the BAM4 application is stopped. After that, thesession switch continues per step 548.

Returning again to FIG. 5 and the exemplary new user/session scenariofrom above, following BAM3/4 logic 320, session 1 is started in createsession 304 b. Although session logon 306 b and authentication 308 b aredepicted as following create session 304 b, it should be understood thatthese functions may be skipped in whole or part if authentication 308 ashares information (e.g., the new user's credentials) withauthentication 308 b. As such, it is assumed that the new session in theabove example causes a new desktop 310 b to be created.

At this point, the new user is able to start up applications, etc. Asshown, however, BAM1 logic 316 (as described earlier) is used to controlthe potential deleterious effects of any BAM1 applications that the usermay request to start up. Should the user decide to disconnect thesession per switch session 314 b, then, as with session 0, BAM2 logic316 will handle BAM2 applications, and BAM314 logic 320 will handle anyBAM3 or BAM4 applications when another session (e.g., session 2) iscreated or session 0 is reconnected. If the user of session 1 decides toend the session 1, i.e., per logoff session 312 b, then in this example,as shown in the dashed line session login 306 a will take over aftersession 1 has ended.

As represented by the dots following BAM3/4 logic 320 after session 1,additional sessions can be created, disconnected, re-connected, or endedin a similar manner.

FIG. 10A is a flow diagram depicting another process 600 that may beimplemented in the BAM logic or other like logic. Process 600 isconfigured to handle the playing or output of audio signals or streamsfrom various applications running in a plurality of sessions. In step602, a session switch is initiated. In step 604, the audio fromapplications, etc., which is running in sessions other than the sessionbeing created or re-connected, is muted or otherwise reduced/eliminated.In step 606, the session switch is continued. In this manner, unwantedaudio signals associated with other sessions are not played.

FIG. 10B depicts one way to accomplish the muting in process 600. Here,an illustrative arrangement 620 shows a kernel audio mixer 622 that isconfigured to mix audio signals or streams from various applications,programs, modules, the operating system, and the like. Kernel audiomixer 622 produces a current session audio playback signal/data, whichis reproduced by one or more speakers. Conventional kernel audio mixersexist; many are a mix of hardware and software logic.

As illustrated, session audio 624 from various sessions is provided tokernel audio mixer 622, which can selectively adjust the volume of thevarious inputs and mute them as well. In illustrative arrangement 620,an exemplary audio stream 640 is graphically depicted as having asession identifier (ID) 642 that allows kernel audio mixer 622 todetermine which session audio stream 640 is associated with. In thismanner, the proper audio signals will be played and the other session'saudio signals will be essentially muted.

In accordance with still other implementations of the present invention,the BAM logic above or other like logic can be configured to notify orin some other way identify certain session events, for example, sessionswitching related events, to applications (“good” or “bad” applications)that are running and which may be affected by the session event. FIG. 11depicts a process 700 that illustrates this notification capability.Here, in step 702, a session event occurs or is about to occur. By wayof example, a session event may indicate a return to session logon 306a, the creation or re-connection of a session, or the disconnection of asession (local or remote). Whatever the session event, in step 704, theapplicable logic notifies one or more applications that are running inconnected or disconnected sessions, as deemed appropriate for a givensystem. In step 706, if needed, the logic assists the applications inresponding to the session event.

Thus, in certain implementations, the notification capability in process700 may strengthen or otherwise augment the session switching oversightresponsibility of the BAM logic. Here, for example, the notifiedapplications may save data that might otherwise be lost due to theoperation of the BAM logic, unlock certain resources, voluntarilystop/mute their audio streams, voluntarily stop running in part orwhole, or re-start functions that were previously stopped.

In accordance with certain other aspects of the present invention, thetask of switching between users/sessions may further be enhanced byadding a capability for the user to quickly initiate a switch, forexample, by simply inputting a hot key combination or the like. Thus,for example, a user that is logged on may cause a switch to anotheruser/session by holding down a hot key combination that automaticallybrings up a graphical user interface or the like that shows what othersessions/users may be selected and then switched to. This type ofcapability can be provided, for example, in logic associate with switchsession 314(a, b . . . ) depicted in FIG. 5. The necessary BAM logic canbe applied accordingly, during this “hot key” type of switching process.

Although referred to as a hot key, those skilled in the art will nowrecognize that a dedicated “switch user” input key may also be providedon the keyboard or in other locations on the computer console, etc., andconfigured to initiate a similar user/session switching process.

With these examples in mind, reference is now made to FIG. 12, which isa flow diagram of a process 800 associated with an exemplary hot keybased user/session switching capability, in accordance with certainimplementations of the present invention.

In step 802 the user presses or otherwise activates one or more hot keysto initiate a user/session switching process. For an actual hot keycombination in a computer running a Microsoft Windows® operating system,for example, the user would continue to hold the hot key combinationdown during step 802 and later release the depressed hot key combinationin step 814. One exemplary hot key combination includes two standardkeys on a keyboard, namely, the Windows® Graphical Icon key and theletter Q key. Other combinations and/or single keys may also be assignedthis functionality.

In response to the continued user hot key input started step 802, instep 804, a decision is made as to whether the system is configured tosupport any other users. Assuming that there are other users supportedby the computer; then in step 806, user identifying information isretrieved from the operating system, for example. In certainconfigurations, the user identifying information includes the nameassigned to the user. In step 808, should there be any specificgraphical representation information associated with the user, then suchinformation is also retrieved. In certain implementations, for example,image and/or graphical information is retrieved in step 808. In step810, an applicable graphical representation is generated based on theinformation retrieved in steps 806 and 808. By way of example, thegraphical representation that is generated may include the user's nameand associated image.

Returning to decision step 804, steps 806, 808 and 810 are then repeatedfor each of the potential users. Next, in step 812, each of thegraphical user representations is displayed for the user through agraphical user interface (GUI). In accordance with certain exemplaryimplementations, the GM is configured to automatically rotate theselection of graphical representations in such a manner that when theuser sees that the desired user's graphical representation is displayedas being selectable, then the user can indeed select that the switch bemade to that user by releasing or otherwise deactivating the hot keycombination in step 814. Thus, for example, the GUI in step 812 mayvisually rotate through the graphical representations while pausingbriefly on each one so as to allow the user adequate time to select thegraphical representation and switch to the associated user/session. Anexample of one such GUI is illustrated in the screen shot depicted inFIG. 13.

As shown in FIG. 13, a GUI display 840 includes a background image 842having a plurality of user graphical representations 844 visible therein and there over. For example, user graphical representation 844(a) isassociated with an “Administrator” user, user graphical representation844(b) is associated with user identified as “Louie”, and user graphicalrepresentation 844(c) is associated with user identified as “LU”. Inthis example, graphical representation 844(b) is associated with “Louie”is graphically high-lighted as being selected/selectable at the time ofthe screen shot. Graphical representation 844(b), in this example,includes a guitar graphic that is associated with the user “Louie”.

Assuming that the user decides to select to switch to Louie, per step814 in FIG. 12; then a corresponding user/session switching processwould be initiated. If Louie does not require a password or other likeinformation to log on, then the switching process would continue withoutrequiring an applicable logon display. If Louie does require suchadditional inputs prior to beginning a new session and/or returning toan existing session, then GUI display 840 can be configured to providethe appropriate dialog boxes, etc. This is illustrated by dashed box 848within graphical representation 844(b), which may be used to input apassword or the like. As mentioned above, BAM logic can be provided tosupport the user/session switching logic.

In certain exemplary implementations, GUI display 840 is configured torotate graphical representations 844(b) within background 842 in ananimated fashion. This rotation is illustrated by dashed arrow 850,which shows that graphical representation 844(b) will be rotatedclockwise to the position currently occupied by graphical representation844(c). Here, graphical representation 844(a) would then occupy theposition currently held by graphical representation 844(b).

In accordance with still other implementations, a hot key combinationmay be assigned to each user, such that the user may quickly switch to anew or existing session without requiring the logon screen or even thefull GUI of FIG. 13 being shown. This personal hot key may be keptsecret. Similarly, different hot key combinations can be operativelyassociated with different sets or groups of users, for example, toreduce the number of graphical representations that are displayed or addan additional deterrent to unauthorized access, etc.

Although some preferred embodiments of the various methods andapparatuses of the present invention have been illustrated in theaccompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing DetailedDescription, it will be understood that the invention is not limited tothe exemplary implementations disclosed, but is capable of numerousrearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing fromthe spirit of the invention as set forth and defined by the followingclaims.

1. A computing device comprising: switching logic operatively coupled toa user input device having a plurality of user activated keys, whereinone or more of said user activated keys is operatively configured as ahot key input, and configured to automatically switch console control ofthe computing device in a multi-user computing environment between atleast two user kernel sessions corresponding to at least two users basedon the activation of said hot key input, wherein said switching logic isoperatively configured to cause a graphical user interface to bedisplayed on a display monitor associated with the computing device andsaid graphical user interface includes two or more selectable graphicalrepresentations associated with said at least two users, respectively,and is configured to visually rotate through the two or more selectablegraphical representations associated with said at least two users;application management logic configured to test applications within themulti-user computing environment for problems operating within themulti-user computing environment; and audio signal logic configured toadjust volumes of audio streams running in the at least two user kernelsessions effective to output a first audio stream of a first of the atleast two user kernel sessions with console control and to mute a secondaudio stream of a second of the at least two user kernel sessionswithout console control in response to switching console control betweenthe at least two kernel sessions.